{"id":16214,"date":"2026-08-15T12:00:39","date_gmt":"2026-08-15T10:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aromexperten.se\/?p=16214"},"modified":"2026-08-15T12:00:39","modified_gmt":"2026-08-15T10:00:39","slug":"what-is-a-coa-how-to-read-a-certificate-of-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aromexperten.se\/en\/what-is-a-coa-how-to-read-a-certificate-of-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"What is a COA? How to read a Certificate of Analysis"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"cornerstone-article coa-guide\">\n<p class=\"article-lead\">\n<strong>What is a COA?<\/strong> COA stands for <em>Certificate of Analysis<\/em> and is an analysis certificate that summarises the results for a specific production batch. The document may, among other things, show the batch number, test parameters, specifications and measured results. For botanical raw materials, a COA therefore provides important information about the documented properties of the current batch.\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-of-contents\">\n<p><strong>Contents<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#vad-ar-coa\">What is a COA?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#batchnummer\">Why is the batch number important?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#specifikation-resultat\">Specifications and test results<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#innehall\">What can a COA include?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#botaniska-ravaror\">COA for botanical raw materials<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#physta\">Example: COA for Physta\u00ae<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#kontrollera\">How to review a COA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"vad-ar-coa\">\n<h2>What is a COA?<\/h2>\n<p>\nCOA is an abbreviation of <strong>Certificate of Analysis<\/strong>. In Swedish, terms such as analysis certificate or analysis statement are often used. The document links test results to a specific product or production batch.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nA laboratory or manufacturer analyses a sample and then compiles the results in the document. For example, you can see which parameters were checked, which specifications apply, and what result the analysis produced.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>In this way<\/strong>, the document functions as a technical summary of the current batch\u2019s analytical data. However, it is important to remember that the content varies between different raw materials, manufacturers and laboratories.\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"information-box\">\n<p>\n<strong>In short:<\/strong><br \/>COA = Certificate of Analysis = analysis certificate for a specific product or batch.\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"batchnummer\">\n<h2>Why is the batch number important?<\/h2>\n<p>\nThe batch number is one of the first details you should check. It identifies the production run to which the test results apply.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nBotanical raw materials can naturally vary between different production runs. <strong>Therefore<\/strong>, you should not automatically use test results from an older batch for a newer batch.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nA current analysis certificate should therefore be traceable to the product via the same batch number. <strong>In this way<\/strong>, you can ensure that the documentation actually applies to the raw material you are reviewing.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"specifikation-resultat\">\n<h2>Specifications and test results<\/h2>\n<p>\nTwo of the most important concepts in an analysis certificate are <strong>specification<\/strong> and <strong>result<\/strong>. They do not describe the same thing.\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-scroll\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Term<\/th>\n<th>What does it mean?<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Specification<\/td>\n<td>The requirement, range or limit value established by the manufacturer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Result<\/td>\n<td>The value the analysis shows for the current batch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Analytical method<\/td>\n<td>The method the laboratory uses to measure the parameter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Batch number<\/td>\n<td>Identifies the production run to which the analysis applies<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\nIf the specification, for example, states a range, the test result must fall within that range in order to meet the established specification.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>In other words<\/strong>, the specification shows what the raw material is required to meet, while the result shows what the laboratory actually measured in the current batch.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"innehall\">\n<h2>What can a COA include?<\/h2>\n<p>\nThe content depends on the product type and which quality parameters the manufacturer has defined. A document for a botanical raw material may therefore differ from a certificate for, for example, a chemical raw material.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>Common details may include:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<ul class=\"checklist\">\n<li>Product name or raw material name<\/li>\n<li>Botanical name<\/li>\n<li>Batch or lot number<\/li>\n<li>Manufacturing date or analysis date<\/li>\n<li>Expiry date or retest date where relevant<\/li>\n<li>Physical properties such as colour or appearance<\/li>\n<li>Identification of the raw material<\/li>\n<li>Chemical test parameters<\/li>\n<li>Microbiological analyses<\/li>\n<li>Metals or other checks where these are included in the specification<\/li>\n<li>Analytical methods<\/li>\n<li>Established specifications<\/li>\n<li>Measured test results<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nNot all of these details need to be included in every document. <strong>Therefore<\/strong>, a COA should always be assessed based on the specific raw material and the documentation that is relevant to it.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"botaniska-ravaror\">\n<h2>COA for botanical raw materials<\/h2>\n<p>\nBotanical raw materials come from biological material and can therefore exhibit natural variation. Origin, plant part, growing conditions, harvest and processing can affect the raw material\u2019s profile.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>For this reason<\/strong>, batch-specific analysis can be particularly valuable for botanical extracts. The analysis certificate makes it possible to compare the current production run with the manufacturer\u2019s established specifications.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nFor a standardised extract, the manufacturer may also define several chemical test parameters. Such a document therefore provides more information than just a product name or an extraction ratio.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nIf you would like to understand the difference between different raw material forms, you can read our guide on <a href=\"https:\/\/aromexperten.se\/en\/tongkat-ali-powder-or-extract-differences-explained\/\">Tongkat Ali powder or extract<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"physta\">\n<h2>Example: COA for Tongkat Ali Physta\u00ae<\/h2>\n<p>\nPhysta\u00ae is a standardised water extract from the root of <em>Eurycoma longifolia<\/em>. For the extract, the manufacturer analyses several defined quality parameters.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nThe current Aromexperten batch has batch number <strong>TA 2506105<\/strong>. The documentation reports, among other things, eurycomanone, glycosaponins, polysaccharides and total protein fraction.\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-scroll\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Test parameter<\/th>\n<th>Result<\/th>\n<th>Specification<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Eurycomanone<\/td>\n<td>0.87%<\/td>\n<td>0.8\u20131.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Glycosaponins<\/td>\n<td>51.1%<\/td>\n<td>At least 40%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Polysaccharides<\/td>\n<td>37.5%<\/td>\n<td>At least 30%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Total protein fraction<\/td>\n<td>35.4%<\/td>\n<td>At least 22%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n<strong>Overall<\/strong>, the table shows the difference between the established specification and the laboratory\u2019s results for this specific production batch.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nYou can view the <a href=\"https:\/\/aromexperten.se\/wp-content\/uploads\/Certificate-of-Analysis-TA2506105.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Certificate of Analysis for batch TA 2506105<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nFor more information about the extract, you can also read <a href=\"https:\/\/aromexperten.se\/en\/what-is-physta-standardization-coa-and-tongkat-ali\/\">What is Physta\u00ae?<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"kontrollera\">\n<h2>How to review a COA<\/h2>\n<p>\nIt is easy to get stuck on individual test values. <strong>Instead<\/strong>, it is better to review the document in a clear order.\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<strong>Check the product name.<\/strong><br \/>The document should clearly identify which raw material the analysis applies to.\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<strong>Check the batch number.<\/strong><br \/>The batch number on the document should match the current product.\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<strong>Identify the specifications.<\/strong><br \/>See which requirements or ranges the manufacturer has defined.\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<strong>Compare the test results.<\/strong><br \/>Check how the results for the current batch relate to the specifications.\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<strong>Review the analytical method.<\/strong><br \/>Where the method is stated, it may provide additional information about how the laboratory carried out the check.\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<strong>Check the date and document version.<\/strong><br \/>This reduces the risk of reviewing an old document for a previous production run.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"information-box\">\n<p>\n<strong>Most important:<\/strong> a COA should be traceable to the current product through product identity and batch number.\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"analysmarkorer\">\n<h2>COA and chemical marker compounds<\/h2>\n<p>\nFor some botanical extracts, the manufacturer uses chemical markers as part of quality control. The markers help the laboratory describe parts of the raw material\u2019s chemical profile.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nIn Tongkat Ali, for example, <strong>eurycomanone<\/strong> is used as a test parameter in some standardised extracts. However, you should not assess the overall quality of the raw material based on only one marker.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nIf you would like to read more about that specific test parameter, see our guide <a href=\"https:\/\/aromexperten.se\/en\/what-is-eurycomanone-marker-compound-in-tongkat-ali\/\">What is eurycomanone?<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<h2>Frequently asked questions about COA<\/h2>\n<h3>What does COA stand for?<\/h3>\n<p>\nCOA stands for <em>Certificate of Analysis<\/em>. In Swedish, it can be described as an analysis certificate or analysis statement.\n<\/p>\n<h3>Is a COA the same as a safety data sheet?<\/h3>\n<p>\nNo. An analysis certificate primarily reports product- or batch-specific analytical data. A safety data sheet (SDS) has a different purpose and describes, among other things, information on handling, classification and safety where such requirements apply.\n<\/p>\n<h3>Are all COAs the same?<\/h3>\n<p>\nNo. The content varies depending on the product, manufacturer, laboratory and the applicable specifications. <strong>Therefore<\/strong>, two documents for different botanical raw materials may look very different.\n<\/p>\n<h3>Why should the batch number match the product?<\/h3>\n<p>\nBecause the test results apply to the specific production run that the laboratory analysed. A document for another batch therefore does not automatically describe the current product.\n<\/p>\n<h3>Is a COA proof that all batches are identical?<\/h3>\n<p>\nNo. Botanical raw materials can exhibit natural variation. Standardisation instead means that the manufacturer checks selected parameters against established specifications.\n<\/p>\n<h3>Can a high test value automatically mean better quality?<\/h3>\n<p>\nNo. An isolated value does not provide a complete quality assessment. You should also review raw material identity, specifications, analytical method, other parameters and batch documentation.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<aside class=\"important-notice\">\n<h2>About analytical documentation<\/h2>\n<p>\nA Certificate of Analysis describes analytical data for the product or batch stated in the document. Results from a specific batch should therefore not automatically be transferred to other production runs.\n<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<section class=\"sources\">\n<h2>Sources and Further Reading<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/pharmaceutical-quality-resources\/current-good-manufacturing-practice-cgmp-regulations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><br \/>\nU.S. FDA \u2013 information on quality control and Good Manufacturing Practice<br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/human-regulatory-overview\/research-development\/compliance-research-development\/good-manufacturing-practice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><br \/>\nEuropean Medicines Agency \u2013 Good Manufacturing Practice<br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2021.6937\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><br \/>\nEFSA \u2013 scientific opinion with specifications and analytical data for a standardised water extract of Eurycoma longifolia<br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"cta-box\">\n<h2>Read more about analysis and Physta\u00ae<\/h2>\n<p>\nExplore <a href=\"https:\/\/aromexperten.se\/en\/what-is-eurycomanone-marker-compound-in-tongkat-ali\/\">eurycomanone as an analytical marker<\/a>, read about <a href=\"https:\/\/aromexperten.se\/en\/what-is-physta-standardization-coa-and-tongkat-ali\/\">how Physta\u00ae is standardised<\/a>, or view the <a href=\"https:\/\/aromexperten.se\/en\/shop\/botanicals\/tongkat-ali-eurycoma-longifolia\/tongkat-ali-physta\/\">current Physta\u00ae batch and analytical documentation<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is a COA? COA stands for Certificate of Analysis and is an analysis certificate that summarises the results for a specific production batch. The document may, among other things, show the batch number, test parameters, specifications and measured results. For botanical raw materials, a COA therefore provides important information about the documented properties of [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16215,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[254],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16214","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-botanicals"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What is a COA? 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